Phytosanitary

What does this concept mean?

The concept of Phytosanitary leads us to the understanding of knowledge regarding the health of the plants. It offers insight more specifically about the least requirements that these must meet in order to fulfil the criteria of the international trade.

Scope of the Concept:

The scope of the Phytosanitary is not limited to the inspection of the basic health of the plants only. There is a proper legislation with the name of International Plant Protection Convention (IPPC) and as well as International Standards for Phytosanitary Measures (ISPMs) that deal with the matters related to the concept in terms of its application.

How does it work?

As it is has already be reported that the Phytosanitary has been regulated through the IPPC and ISPMs, the countries that are IPPC member maintain their NPPOS (National plant protection organization). NPPOs are basically the government agencies that implement the standards by developing and enforcing national regulations.

However, one important thing to consider in addition to NPPOs is that, pests for instance do not have boundaries. So the Phytosanitary is not limited to the member countries only. Therefore there are RPPOs (Regional plant protection organizations) to assist NPPOs. Where these regional agencies work in the neighboring countries and help in curbing the spread.

Further, responsibilities may include pest risk analysis, wood packaging material regulations, inspection, pest reporting and Surveillance in this subject area.

What is Phytosanitary certification?

An important concept under this study is related to Phytosanitary certification. These certifications are issued by the NPPOs of exporting countries. The purpose of these certifications is to ensure that the consignments of the items are according to the standards as prescribed by IPPC.

Who does the inspection?

The duty of inspection is critical for the purpose of providing certifications to the NPPOs exporting countries. The personnel authorized by the NPPOs perform the tasks in both cases either import or export. While exporting it is critical to ensure that the items meet the standard and requirement criteria and in the case of importing, it is the right of the receiving country to either reject or retain the products being shipped.

Conclusion

To sum, the concept is very useful and unique. And as the globalization has paced up, and the world has become a global village, the utility of this concept and doubled.

Maccoby's Gamesman Theory

This theory was assigned to me for a class presentation on May 31st 2019. When i first read it, it did not have any positive feedback regarding the usefulness of the theory. However, as i explored about the author and the details of it, i found it very interesting.

Maccoby's Gamesman theory is basically a management theory. It gives the manager four options to choose from the types of manager. It helps a manager to identify that which type of manager a team needs. The manager in order to identify his character type tends to ask his team workers about the characteristics he displays and ultimately aims to know that how he is perceived within the organization and especially among his team members.

The author gives a list of four character types in his theory. These Include:

1. Craftsman
2. Jungle Fighter
3. Company man
4. Gamesman

According to the authors the critical attribute of the character type Craftsman is their technical expertise. they always like to have precision and details of work. The Jungle Fighters on the other hand, tend to desire success at any cost. They are bold and Competitive. In addition to this, they are further divided into two categories that are Foxes and Lions where foxes tend to make their nests in the organization and operate from safe base only and the Lions conquer  other territories and build empires.   The third Character type that is the Company man's main goal i to protect themselves and the company they work for. Finally, the Gamesman are the ones that like contests. They are basically the risk takers who are fascinated by new techniques and ideas and love problem solving.

After the basic, introduction regarding the main theme of the theory, lets dive into the point that startled me. it was a whole book which the author wrote on this concept. I was amazed to know and read the content of the book that how the author could have expanded this concept over the whole long book. It is also important to share here that the book has been a best seller and has been translated in more than 10 languages.

lastly, i would say that as the context of the theory is old, it may not seem relevant today. If we read the commentaries and the renowned reviews regarding the book, we can find a lot of criticism as well. however, the contribution of the theory at the time it was presented was considered significant and was commended.